According to the Islamic religion and the types of halal meat sector:
A) The non-edible and edible animals
Qur'an in earth if all human beings are created (al-Baqarah 2 / 29), the heavens and the earth in each asset and the possibility of God a grace to the human order is given (al-casi 45/13 ), the lawful good things, dirty things were forbidden (al-Maid 5 / 5; al-A `shelf 7 / 157) are reported. Attributes of Allah, Most Gracious the most high-i in the life of the world as a result of this lutfuna He honored those who own all of humanity in accordance with the purposes and benefit structure. Bunch of animals also an important part of this creates opportunities. Indeed, people throughout history have used animals to transport passenger or freight, power, meat, milk, leather, feathers benefit greatly facilitated through life. Human beings tend to get the benefits of this kind, while the generation of animals in a positive role in ensuring the continuation is assumed.
a) History
The importance of animals to benefit from the subject without ever losing even more important with each passing day and the direction of the Animal foods are especially not animals. In nature all the possibilities of humanity to the orders given to the fact that with the movement, any Animal food, especially meat eaten may it is possible, the religious and even some philosophical currents, even some records user provisions put that on this issue almost every faith around the unique rules found have been the.
Some of them fled to the very excesses of some of the limitations of the ban has kept a much more narrow. For example, some philosophers of Brahman and to slaughter their animals to eat the forbidden meat in the most extreme took place. They put themselves, the reason for this ban, part of the animal against an organism considered to be solid mindedness.
Celestron, one of the three major religions Judaism, because of the ban brought in on this issue is different. Israel because of his intemperance and cruelty in the Quran, some of the animals completely, or certain parts of some animals is forbidden is reported. Relevant as the Qur'an says buyurulur: "Jews quoted all the animals forbid we have. Back in or intestines they carry or bone into the oils, except cattle and sheep within the oils that they forbid we have. This persecution because of them we penalties. We are not telling the truth, of course "(` am al-most 6 / 146).
Judaism to complete the Christianity the state to be this way when the Christians, the Torah they have forbidden what is lawful to say they, and Paul's "mouth entering something, not by mouth and heart coming out of the people of the pollutants would, in the market selling everything edible can" (Matthew, 15 / 11, 18; Korintoslular'a First Letter, 10/25) as saying the limit based on the eating and drinking were not very large. Accordingly, it is also forbidden in the Torah to be dedicated to eating pork, but were deemed lawful.
Arabs on the basis of superstition, ignorance, some features had given the names of certain animals, sacrificed to idols, or put them on behalf of some animals by releasing them was forbidden. For example, they five abdominal birth and five puppies were male camel's ear to break free they leave, now that animals take advantage of and that animal-to whom the matter-water drinking or grazing in the nutrition intervention prohibits counts were, like animals Bahira called. Salimen a journey to get rid of a disease or due to return as devotees of idols in camel named Saib, and would be released. If the female sheep breeds themselves, the men would be put, if delivered, but intersexual male victims do not bear it anymore, they would say that at bay. If the offspring born in the abdomen on a male camel that came to be protected and will not ride it, carry loads this animal called raw. Qur'an this superstitious beliefs and customs from the ground up have been denied some of the animals "Bahira", "Saib", "at" and "raw" names like special provisions be subject to whether or forbidden to count Allah, the slander has been called ( hand-Maid 5 / 103). Pagans practices of the other verses in this ridiculous idea and it has been indicated with the vilification of expression (for example ibid. Al-most `am 6 / 136, 138-140, 143-144).
b) Principles and Objectives
Islam in the religion of the earth all the opportunities and blessings of God to mankind and grace and beneficence of that, Sukru your face is their record of them could benefit has been reported in the same sense a continuation of the animals and especially the use of care is, in this regard limited ban and restrict the adherence was asked (`am al-most 6 / 142, 145). I brought records provisions of the Islamic religion, traditions and beliefs surrounding the subject land represents a middle way between the previous heavenly religions as well as human nature is adapted.
Qur'an, and Prophet. In the hadith of the Prophet are forbidden to be eaten with greed and some description took place. This description is taken as a whole into consideration, first of all meat eaten in the direction of making a list of animals that can not go, just make certain policies and measures are was satisfied.
Qur'an on earth all the possibilities of humanity to the order has given emphasis to İslâmiyet'te this basic rule helâllik that, otherwise the evidence is available if the haram of the provisions in question may have a concept of Islamic knowledge by most of the adopted.
Really Qur'an, beat greed that the individual be specified in the direction nor the grace of Allah to their evocative and Muslims to the befit of the things to beat it to highlight the "good and clean things made lawful when" (eg ibid. Al-Baqarah 2 / 172 hand-Maid 5 / 4, al-A `shelf 7 / 32) expressed struggle with is, this sentence to the very beat usual the sheep, camel and bovine species (behîmetü'l-en` am) has been indicated ( hand-Maid 5 / 1).
Forbidden in the Quran about food can confirm the explanations have in common, "tayyibât" (good and clean) will be considered "habâis" (dirty and disgusting) is something that should not eat. In addition to the health of the general principles of Islam not taking harmful substances (for example ibid. Al-Baqarah 2 / 195) are required. Specific prohibitions in this regard, some verses (al-Maid 5 / 3) was counted in the ten items described below will be well-to-be think of them all in the same group of some 173 sûresinin Baccarat The four verses in the collection is the main substance. These, by itself, or not known dead animals slaughtered in religious procedures (meyte), has been shedding blood, pig and animals are cut off from God on behalf of someone else.
Hz. Sunnah of the Prophet, the Qur'an confirms Kerîm'deki expression of this prohibition as well as "filthy and disgusting" food descriptions on the characteristics of the router contains the details. Hz for example. Prophet "predatory animal" s (zi pulse: the mouth of four by long and sharp teeth that animals) and birds of prey 's (zi mihleb: paw with prey items birds) meat eaten not specifically stated (Muslim, "Sayd", 15, 16 ; Abu Da'ud, "Et'ime", 32; Tirmidhi, "Sayd", 9, 11). Some animals are also associated with Resûlullah'tan hadith is also narrated. Need to be careful about this issue, Hz. Food issues and practices of the Prophet, all religion is always an order of personal preference or is the ban should not be considered. Shed light on this point is that events such as: Abdullah b. Abbas and Halid b. Walid Hz. Together with the Prophet Hazrat. Meymûne'nin in front of his house and sat in the dining-Necid brought by a relative of the hostess-fried had made a huge lizards. Abbas Ibn-i Ekrem absence messenger to "Is it haram food, O Messenger of Allah?" he asked. Hz. Said: "No, but we do not have a dinner party is in, do not eat like I did not go," said. Halid b. Walid regarding this incident, "Then I took it and ate dinner in front of me, I saw the Messenger of Allah, eat," has said (Bukhari, "ez-Zebâih ve's-sayd", 33).
Book and the Sunnah of the animals are related to his long restrictions are examined, of which the taxpayer some favors from the deprived as punishment, or some food sacred to the purposes that the main objective-all the other religious assessments, as-Muslim humanity, honor and dignity befitting behavior orientation, they observed the benefits of the direction (of benefit and harm standoff) is observed. In fact, each of these issues allowed the examination at the end of a good grip can be said to be the most wisdom. Still on the subject of forbidden, to Muslims, members of other religions them bring their distinctiveness that is also a fact. But beyond all this, divine commandments and prohibitions, heart and soul submit to the will of Allah, who created a test to distinguish from the others and wisdom are united in purpose.
Islamic scholars, in light of stated objectives and principles of Ijtihad which animal flesh is lawful or unlawful, and tried to identify the individual or grouping. This determination some hadiths authentic acceptance of no or a different interpretation, as well as local customs and tastes of the policy specific to events in the application assessment of their differences, even the same animal in different locations under several different names now being formed is effective that is a fact. On the other hand, the virtual genus of all animals on Earth jurisprudence can not be expected to have been in the works is also open now. Because of this culture canon law is not edible and edible animals and a rich knowledge and attitude are seen very different opinions.
c) Land Animals
The meat of land animals were grouped according to their defeat can be explained by the religious provision.
a) when meat is lawful for the defeat of the four groups of animals is the consensus:
1. Cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, camels, rabbits, chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys domesticated species of animals,
2. Deer, antelope, mountain goats, wild cattle and wild animals such as zebra,
3. Pigeons, sparrows, quails, starlings, birds such as herons to be lawful when the scribe is the consensus. Some of these include the helâlliği been designated in the Qur'an (al-Maid 5 / 1, 22/28 Al-Hajj, 30), others of the Qur'an "Eat," he was seen in the context of the good things. Four of these animals near the mouth of the predator is not that long, sharp teeth or claws to defend themselves and they do not grab the game is not open.
4. Grasshoppers also have special provisions regarding circumcision can beat to beat because of the group of animals were in lawful (Bukhari, "Zebâih", 13; Muslim, "Zebâih", 52).
b) when the meat is forbidden to beat the consensus of the three groups, the animals are:
l. Pig is forbidden by the Koran's explicit provision is constant (al-Baqarah 2 / 173). Animals such as pigs is forbidden in the Koran is one. To take advantage of the various parts of pigs in decretal also will be discussed below.
2. The name of Allah is forbidden to cut flesh of animals also is based on the provisions of the Quran (aş. ibid.). This emphasis on Islam and Tawhid akîdesine taking against the circus is a result of certain attitudes. Ignorance in the period put the Arabs on behalf of the sacrifices they would leave the walls of the Kaaba. In parts of animals have been ordered to be referred to the name of Allah, this is why. In the ceremony, the opening and meet the animals cut, was cut to commemorate the name of God, cut off for the sake of a person or institution, unless attaches kutsiyet not included in this group.
3. Meyte the expression, religious procedures or spontaneously in the uncut meat of dead animals is also forbidden in the Quran is based on open terms. Baccarat sûresinin 173 verses, "God meyteyi you (being slaughtered by religious methods of dead animal meat), blood, pork, and the name of Allah has forbidden the slaughter of animals", Maide sûresinin 3 verses say, "Meyte, blood, pork, other than Allah invoked the name was, overwhelmed, through a coup (instead of one shot) killed, (above) rolled dead, (other animals by) ornament the dead, to death from train and slaughtered ones, except-predator eaten by animals (no predators) and sewn stones (idols) were forbidden to you on the slaughter ... "buyurularak to the provision of the previous verse is clarified.
The first verses of the three kinds of meat are reported to be unlawful: dead animals, pork and beef slaughter on behalf of Allah. The second of these verses are repeated, as is also the number six. But these five (overwhelmed, through a coup instead of one were shot killed, the high from the rolling dead, another animal by ornamental whether dead predators waste), essentially the first âyetteki first items are covered, so they also meyte are to be considered. The sixth article (by forcing the slaughter on Idol) is covered by the last article of the first verse, the name of Allah that cut. That verse is number of the animals is forbidden in all aspects of Islamic scholars are in consensus.
c) other than the aforementioned groups of animals are eaten are controversial among the religious provisions of the scribe. Scribe some of the animals as close to the alliance by the majority opinion in certain animals are considered haram, or unlawful distribution is seen as balanced.
1. Predatory animal group with the lower and upper jaw, four long and sharp teeth to grab and caught himself and this way of defense domestic whether-wolf, lion, tiger, leopard, monkeys, hyenas, dogs, cats and more animals with claws to grab the hunting falcon, born, eagles, vultures, such as birds of prey, this feature even if not generally mess with the feeding ravens, crows and birds like, naturally as disgusting the rats, snakes, such as animals, scorpions, flies, spiders, such as insects scribe the majority of by the sacred is seen.
According to owner information some of the lions, tigers eat Halal meat of wild animals, such as, but not haram according to some is mekruh. According to popular opinion in the Maliki sect hawks, eagles and birds of prey such as birds fed on dirt ingestion is also mekruh. Scholars of pork forbidden in the Qur'an that only by being dedicated, âyetteki general permit can not be limited to the point of the hadith was moving.
2. Determining the frame holding the tightest of edible animals Hanefîler those, who hold the largest Mâlikîler within this framework could be said that there are many differences of opinion. Feature of some animal aggressiveness, keep hunting and eating the natural way not considered since been deemed obnoxious to the different evaluations with regard to the provisions of the controversy was about. Fox example, Joseph and Muhammad Abu Hanefîler'den, Şâfiîler'e, a legend-in-Hanbelîler'e and some have been deemed lawful by Mâlikîler'e. In the framework of this evaluation is still to bear according to Hanafi and Şâfiîler'e forbidden, according to Maliki and Hanbelîler'e lawful, giraffes Şâfiîler'de fiduciary argument against unlawful, lawful in the other three denominations were adopted. Similarly peacocks and parrots in the Shafi sect unlawful, lawful in the other three denominations, hedgehogs and Hanbelîler'de forbidden Hanafi, Shafi and Mâlikîler'de been considered lawful.
Within this framework there are many details and differences of opinion. Hanefîler'e than-above-numbered out-beat permissible not seen major animals include: Jackal, squirrels, otters, martens, hyenas, lizards, weasels, kites, ravens, owls, hawks, turtles, mole, lizards, snails and all kinds of insects .
Hadith or hadith about the defeat of the interest rate is permissible because of the different opinions of whether animals are also mentioned. Some of these changes are as follows:
3. Rabbit meat, according to the four Sunni sect, although lawful, and of course some knowledge of the Companions of Imam Ibn Abu Layla, according to the müctehid is tahrîmen mekruh.
4. Horse meat, according to the opinions generally accepted in four denominations lawful, according to Abu Hanîfe'ye is the tahrîmen mekruh. In works of literature Hanafi zâhirü'r-riva "mekruh" Hasan b. Ziyad narrated in the "forbidden" to pass the characterization, they actually wanted to be mentioned is the issue it is not lawful to eat. If İmâmeyn (Abu Yusuf and Muhammad) were not counted mekruh to eat horse meat. In accordance with the opinion of some Hanafi scholars but to the Hanafi sect tenzîhen mekruh opinion is widespread. Owner of the horse meat in order to eat and tenzîhen mekruh counting, there are those who see the sacred.
5. Domesticated donkey meat is usually adopted by the provisions in four denominations, the meat of domesticated donkeys are forbidden to the direction. A part owner of the information it had considered tenzîhen mekruh some sahâbîlerden and Hanafi scholars al-Merisî'den Bişr lawful inhabitants of the opinion it was transferred to the meat of donkeys.
6. Mules, and similar to when it comes to two different kinds of animals with the combination caused the animal in the three cases in question are: a) Both types of meat lawful ones, the of them occurring animal's flesh, the Halal. b) Both types of meat is forbidden ones, those that occur in the animal's flesh is forbidden. c) those other forbidden ones lawful in one flesh, according to Hanafi and Mâlikîler'e are based on the type of the main provisions, net and non-party basis is lawful according Hanbelîler'e. Accordingly, the mule and donkey mother in four denominations that view is common in the haram. The mother horse, according to Abu mekruh Hanîfe'ye is not mekruh According to Abu Yusuf and Muhammad. In addition, horse or donkey is the mother without regard to discriminatory treatment based on other evidence that a defense mekruh mule meat, there are opinions.
d) Water Animals
Qur'an sea fishing and water obtained from food is lawful as was reported (hand-Maid 5 / 96, al-Fâtır 35/12), Hazrat Prophet sea about a question "that the water is clean, meytesi (in deceased) Halal "were answered in the form of (Abu Da'ud," lustration ", 41; Tirmidhi," lustration ", 52). Both of these explanations have not found an article about the special issues based on the principle mubahlığın aquatic animals is the basis of the relevant provisions.
1. Lawful according to all sects of fish species, there is no need to strangle the process. But now, according Hanefîler'e spontaneously dead and inedible fish out of water. Hanefîler'in caution in this view of health is due to be preferred. But the water is too hot or cold, being stuck between the ice, water and water from being trapped in a dead fish because of the withdrawal itself is not dead, can be eaten. Nevertheless, fishing to water-fish grass, thrown fish captured without dying, and if they so die knowing Although the bond or sword fish as big as the fish catch is dying from per-rigid body shot, can be eaten.
2. Except fish species (mussels, frogs, crabs, etc.) are not lawful according Hanefîler'e water their animals eat. According to the three other denominations, just all kinds of aquatic animal may be eaten even if death itself, lawful. Shafi sect, the Hanefîler'in in parallel with a view of the edible aquatic animals to land animals like lawful ones, do not eat meat of animals like the black ones are forbidden in an interview counting.
Maide Hanefîler sûresinin 3 verses mentioned "meyte" the letter they interpret absolute, as well as non-fish species, "habâis" (disgusting stuff) were accepted under. Most of the scribe sûresinin Maide 96 âyetindeki "sea hunt" expression of the public (the extensive form) basis, and also took Hz. Prophet's "Sea water is clean, lawful dead" (Abu Da'ud, "lustration", 41; Tirmidhi, "lustration", 52) were based on the meaning of the hadith.
e) the animals live both on land and in water
Both on land and aquatic frogs, turtles, crabs, snakes, crocodiles are three views about animals, such as: Hanefîler'e and is not lawful to eat them by Şâfiîler'e. Mâlikîler'e Such animals can eat, Halal. According Hanbelîler'e alligator, frog and snake is not lawful to eat, others can be eaten. But these, with flowing blood (turtles, hippos, etc.) is required for animals slaughtered in the process, to non-flowing blood does not need to slaughter. Crabs in the flowing blood but not widespread sectarian opinion, the slaughter of any cut will replace the location of a process (Purification) should be made to the direction. Ahmad b. Purification was not required in Hanbal narrated.
f) Some Issues Related to Animal Meat
Halal meat to be eaten a number of animals slaughtered according to the procedure (Purification), hunting is to be achieved through compliance with the requirements in this regard need to be religious. The future will also be addressed both issues.
Halal meat to be eaten, although contamination of land animals are eaten (cellâle) promptly cut and mekruh was defeated by almost all denominations. Ahmad b. Hanbal narrated mekruh and forbidden, so there are two, not mekruh Mâlikîler'de widespread opinion in the direction. This type of food to feed animals, clean for a while, go to the right to be the bad odor. Books of jurisprudence, in this case, the chickens for three days, four days for sheep, cattle and camels for the ten day period was specified as the first principle is to allow animals to let go of the bad odor is a long wait.
Of fish found in waters that are not clean, the meat is not an obstacle to overcome. Not been swallowed pieces of fish, a fish-or-if you can beat.
Kinds of meat to be eaten, even if lawful, without the slaughter of live animals-yet-off piece, meyte (unclean) are to be considered, according to information forbidden to be eaten whole. Permissible to be eaten by animals or duly cut and pieces of some organs are not observed.
Eggs, meat and milk of animals usually are tied to the provision, but there are some details. Accordingly, the meat to be eaten it permissible for an animal or live when the spirit duly slaughtered after (or fish slaughtered like the need for non-animals dead on) the eggs to be eaten-impaired unless-permitted this effect, the Islamic scholars consensus inside. But it is permissible to eat meat slaughtered according to religious procedures without leaving a dead animal eggs can be eaten hard otherwise inedible. The egg is not permissible to eat meat when it comes to animals, according Hanbelîler'e Hanefîler'e and it is not permissible to be eaten. According Şâfiîler'e-pigs, dogs and animals, except for those born alive in the whole animal is clean, while, do not eat meat and live animals, while their eggs are clean and can be eaten. Scribe also the owner of the animal eggs to the separation of non-edible and not edible, is not harmful if they can beat the eggs is of the opinion.
Milk, according to the four sects are subject to the provisions. Human flesh, virtue dignity is forbidden. But milk is not haram. Abu Hanîfe'den horse meat is forbidden, or mekruh confirming that the transplanted vision based on some scholars milk from unlawful or mekruh described as If they, the denomination in the saheeh considered opinion based on horse milk mubahtır, because the meat waste was not for the jihad means that are prohibited.
When eaten meat in the belly of an animal slaughtered the babies died immediately after birth on babies, animals, skins, horns, makes special provision about the terms of use of such parts available and will touch on this subject in the future.
g) Pig Fıkhî-Related Provisions
The Koran should be eaten pork (al-Baqarah 2 / 173, en-Nahl 16/115) and the Prophet. In the hadith of the Prophet with clear and definite statement was rendered forbidden to Muslims, and the application of the Ummah in this direction has been ICMA. Popular food and drink forbidden in Islam already are very limited and they are located at the top of the pork. Even forbidden in the Quran as the only animal species are pigs.
All divine religions originating mainly from ingestion of pork, say Ya-hudilik and Christianity is also forbidden. The pig is unclean in the Torah-lirtilip ingestion of meat and were forbidden to touch the dead (Deuteronomy, 14 / 8). Although pigs are places in the Bible (see Matthew, 7 / 6, Mark, 5/11-14) forbade them to eat meat is a clear expression. However, this is Christianity in this way rooted habits which communities adopt able to order Paul's pork banning the phrases from the Bible out and said, "People of the mouth enters not of mouth pollute" (Matt., 15/11, 18), the provisions are based and "In the bazaar bought and sold things can be eaten "(Korintoslular'a First Letter, 10/25), with expressions such as initiated in this direction in the form of an application are described.
Koran shed was the blood of pigs, meyte and Allah on behalf cut animals' flesh and forbidden when a couple of times is repeated (al-Baqarah 2 / 173, hand-Maid 5 / 3, al-most `am 6 / 145; en-Nahl 16/115). Again, everything is clear in the Qur'an for human greed, nasty things that were forbidden to be reported (Al-A `shelf 7 / 157, 20/81 Taha, al-Mü'minûn 23/51). Hz. Prophet said that the ban permanent confirmation has, "Allah and the Messenger of wine, dead animals, meat, pork and idols of trading forbidden" command has the hadith in the rest of the meytenin oil ships cilâlanmasında, skins for lubrication and illumination of the use or unlawful is stated (Bukhari, " `growth ', 112; Abu Da'ud," `Growth', 66; Tirmidhi," Growth `", 61). In terms of eating the flesh of swine is not a difference between the oil when both are forbidden by Islamic jurists are in consensus.
Of the pieces of pork, for example in the use of oil when it comes to non-food purposes, the majority of Islamic jurists to interpret the relevant verses and hadiths, they have concluded that the necis and forbidden.
Islamic scholars to explain the purpose of being forbidden to pork, pork meat adversely affect human health and the nature of the stops on feature strongly, that many mental issues, experience and knowledge are explained. However, these narrations of pork forbidden real reason (of illness) is not forbidden in terms of whether or not the mentioned drawbacks do not vary. XX. century of technological possibilities to eliminate these drawbacks, pork and oil composition and the other way or under preparation to be used as additives or religion does not ban this gap. Because of religious orders and prohibitions must be reasonable for a reason and explanation, even if it could be the entire understanding and real reason for today's unconscionable to put forward a claim could be found. As science advances and more experience in the wisdom of religion and prohibition orders and the goal is better understood. On the other hand, orders and prohibitions of Islam for Muslims, truth is truth and is believed to be good Muslims they would be able to be tightly linked.
Islamic societies, pork and edible oil in the forbidden Work both application of legal doctrine, there is consensus. However, except for meat to be eaten by pigs fıkhî about the many issues discussed. Between them, the pig's mouth, take the cup and the provision of water, the hair, skin, bone, the use, purchase and sale of pigs, does not perish when the need to be considered compensation.
If you need to express the main lines, pigs in Islamic law, Muslim law in terms of valuable goods (mütekavvim goods) are not counted. Such as pigs on the property rights of a Muslim can not be compensated in the event of deliberate waste and theft should be punished if not from the play. Pig in relation to non-Muslims, whether in terms of goods is controversial. According to Hanafi Mâlikîler'e goods and is no longer a pig belonging müslime been unjustly sheer waste should be compensated.
The vast majority of Islamic jurists also necis While pork is alive, therefore, of saliva, sweat, etc. The. as well as opinions of what is transmitted necis. Therefore take the mouth of the container, one must be washed seven times to the ground are saying. Maliki jurists live as long as the dog does not like the pig is of the opinion that necis. Practical result of this controversy, or saliva of the infected pigs in and out of the cleanliness of the water and cleaning show in itself.

According to the Islamic religion and the types of halal meat sector:
A) The non-edible and edible animals
Qur'an in earth if all human beings are created (al-Baqarah 2 / 29), the heavens and the earth in each asset and the possibility of God a grace to the human order is given (al-casi 45/13 ), the lawful good things, dirty things were forbidden (al-Maid 5 / 5; al-A `shelf 7 / 157) are reported. Attributes of Allah, Most Gracious the most high-i in the life of the world as a result of this lutfuna He honored those who own all of humanity in accordance with the purposes and benefit structure. Bunch of animals also an important part of this creates opportunities. Indeed, people throughout history have used animals to transport passenger or freight, power, meat, milk, leather, feathers benefit greatly facilitated through life. Human beings tend to get the benefits of this kind, while the generation of animals in a positive role in ensuring the continuation is assumed.
a) History
The importance of animals to benefit from the subject without ever losing even more important with each passing day and the direction of the Animal foods are especially not animals. In nature all the possibilities of humanity to the orders given to the fact that with the movement, any Animal food, especially meat eaten may it is possible, the religious and even some philosophical currents, even some records user provisions put that on this issue almost every faith around the unique rules found have been the.
Some of them fled to the very excesses of some of the limitations of the ban has kept a much more narrow. For example, some philosophers of Brahman and to slaughter their animals to eat the forbidden meat in the most extreme took place. They put themselves, the reason for this ban, part of the animal against an organism considered to be solid mindedness.
Celestron, one of the three major religions Judaism, because of the ban brought in on this issue is different. Israel because of his intemperance and cruelty in the Quran, some of the animals completely, or certain parts of some animals is forbidden is reported. Relevant as the Qur'an says buyurulur: "Jews quoted all the animals forbid we have. Back in or intestines they carry or bone into the oils, except cattle and sheep within the oils that they forbid we have. This persecution because of them we penalties. We are not telling the truth, of course "(` am al-most 6 / 146).
Judaism to complete the Christianity the state to be this way when the Christians, the Torah they have forbidden what is lawful to say they, and Paul's "mouth entering something, not by mouth and heart coming out of the people of the pollutants would, in the market selling everything edible can" (Matthew, 15 / 11, 18; Korintoslular'a First Letter, 10/25) as saying the limit based on the eating and drinking were not very large. Accordingly, it is also forbidden in the Torah to be dedicated to eating pork, but were deemed lawful.
Arabs on the basis of superstition, ignorance, some features had given the names of certain animals, sacrificed to idols, or put them on behalf of some animals by releasing them was forbidden. For example, they five abdominal birth and five puppies were male camel's ear to break free they leave, now that animals take advantage of and that animal-to whom the matter-water drinking or grazing in the nutrition intervention prohibits counts were, like animals Bahira called. Salimen a journey to get rid of a disease or due to return as devotees of idols in camel named Saib, and would be released. If the female sheep breeds themselves, the men would be put, if delivered, but intersexual male victims do not bear it anymore, they would say that at bay. If the offspring born in the abdomen on a male camel that came to be protected and will not ride it, carry loads this animal called raw. Qur'an this superstitious beliefs and customs from the ground up have been denied some of the animals "Bahira", "Saib", "at" and "raw" names like special provisions be subject to whether or forbidden to count Allah, the slander has been called ( hand-Maid 5 / 103). Pagans practices of the other verses in this ridiculous idea and it has been indicated with the vilification of expression (for example ibid. Al-most `am 6 / 136, 138-140, 143-144).
b) Principles and Objectives
Islam in the religion of the earth all the opportunities and blessings of God to mankind and grace and beneficence of that, Sukru your face is their record of them could benefit has been reported in the same sense a continuation of the animals and especially the use of care is, in this regard limited ban and restrict the adherence was asked (`am al-most 6 / 142, 145). I brought records provisions of the Islamic religion, traditions and beliefs surrounding the subject land represents a middle way between the previous heavenly religions as well as human nature is adapted.
Qur'an, and Prophet. In the hadith of the Prophet are forbidden to be eaten with greed and some description took place. This description is taken as a whole into consideration, first of all meat eaten in the direction of making a list of animals that can not go, just make certain policies and measures are was satisfied.
Qur'an on earth all the possibilities of humanity to the order has given emphasis to İslâmiyet'te this basic rule helâllik that, otherwise the evidence is available if the haram of the provisions in question may have a concept of Islamic knowledge by most of the adopted.
Really Qur'an, beat greed that the individual be specified in the direction nor the grace of Allah to their evocative and Muslims to the befit of the things to beat it to highlight the "good and clean things made lawful when" (eg ibid. Al-Baqarah 2 / 172 hand-Maid 5 / 4, al-A `shelf 7 / 32) expressed struggle with is, this sentence to the very beat usual the sheep, camel and bovine species (behîmetü'l-en` am) has been indicated ( hand-Maid 5 / 1).
Forbidden in the Quran about food can confirm the explanations have in common, "tayyibât" (good and clean) will be considered "habâis" (dirty and disgusting) is something that should not eat. In addition to the health of the general principles of Islam not taking harmful substances (for example ibid. Al-Baqarah 2 / 195) are required. Specific prohibitions in this regard, some verses (al-Maid 5 / 3) was counted in the ten items described below will be well-to-be think of them all in the same group of some 173 sûresinin Baccarat The four verses in the collection is the main substance. These, by itself, or not known dead animals slaughtered in religious procedures (meyte), has been shedding blood, pig and animals are cut off from God on behalf of someone else.
Hz. Sunnah of the Prophet, the Qur'an confirms Kerîm'deki expression of this prohibition as well as "filthy and disgusting" food descriptions on the characteristics of the router contains the details. Hz for example. Prophet "predatory animal" s (zi pulse: the mouth of four by long and sharp teeth that animals) and birds of prey 's (zi mihleb: paw with prey items birds) meat eaten not specifically stated (Muslim, "Sayd", 15, 16 ; Abu Da'ud, "Et'ime", 32; Tirmidhi, "Sayd", 9, 11). Some animals are also associated with Resûlullah'tan hadith is also narrated. Need to be careful about this issue, Hz. Food issues and practices of the Prophet, all religion is always an order of personal preference or is the ban should not be considered. Shed light on this point is that events such as: Abdullah b. Abbas and Halid b. Walid Hz. Together with the Prophet Hazrat. Meymûne'nin in front of his house and sat in the dining-Necid brought by a relative of the hostess-fried had made a huge lizards. Abbas Ibn-i Ekrem absence messenger to "Is it haram food, O Messenger of Allah?" he asked. Hz. Said: "No, but we do not have a dinner party is in, do not eat like I did not go," said. Halid b. Walid regarding this incident, "Then I took it and ate dinner in front of me, I saw the Messenger of Allah, eat," has said (Bukhari, "ez-Zebâih ve's-sayd", 33).
Book and the Sunnah of the animals are related to his long restrictions are examined, of which the taxpayer some favors from the deprived as punishment, or some food sacred to the purposes that the main objective-all the other religious assessments, as-Muslim humanity, honor and dignity befitting behavior orientation, they observed the benefits of the direction (of benefit and harm standoff) is observed. In fact, each of these issues allowed the examination at the end of a good grip can be said to be the most wisdom. Still on the subject of forbidden, to Muslims, members of other religions them bring their distinctiveness that is also a fact. But beyond all this, divine commandments and prohibitions, heart and soul submit to the will of Allah, who created a test to distinguish from the others and wisdom are united in purpose.
Islamic scholars, in light of stated objectives and principles of Ijtihad which animal flesh is lawful or unlawful, and tried to identify the individual or grouping. This determination some hadiths authentic acceptance of no or a different interpretation, as well as local customs and tastes of the policy specific to events in the application assessment of their differences, even the same animal in different locations under several different names now being formed is effective that is a fact. On the other hand, the virtual genus of all animals on Earth jurisprudence can not be expected to have been in the works is also open now. Because of this culture canon law is not edible and edible animals and a rich knowledge and attitude are seen very different opinions.
c) Land Animals
The meat of land animals were grouped according to their defeat can be explained by the religious provision.
a) when meat is lawful for the defeat of the four groups of animals is the consensus:
1. Cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, camels, rabbits, chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys domesticated species of animals,
2. Deer, antelope, mountain goats, wild cattle and wild animals such as zebra,
3. Pigeons, sparrows, quails, starlings, birds such as herons to be lawful when the scribe is the consensus. Some of these include the helâlliği been designated in the Qur'an (al-Maid 5 / 1, 22/28 Al-Hajj, 30), others of the Qur'an "Eat," he was seen in the context of the good things. Four of these animals near the mouth of the predator is not that long, sharp teeth or claws to defend themselves and they do not grab the game is not open.
4. Grasshoppers also have special provisions regarding circumcision can beat to beat because of the group of animals were in lawful (Bukhari, "Zebâih", 13; Muslim, "Zebâih", 52).
b) when the meat is forbidden to beat the consensus of the three groups, the animals are:
l. Pig is forbidden by the Koran's explicit provision is constant (al-Baqarah 2 / 173). Animals such as pigs is forbidden in the Koran is one. To take advantage of the various parts of pigs in decretal also will be discussed below.
2. The name of Allah is forbidden to cut flesh of animals also is based on the provisions of the Quran (aş. ibid.). This emphasis on Islam and Tawhid akîdesine taking against the circus is a result of certain attitudes. Ignorance in the period put the Arabs on behalf of the sacrifices they would leave the walls of the Kaaba. In parts of animals have been ordered to be referred to the name of Allah, this is why. In the ceremony, the opening and meet the animals cut, was cut to commemorate the name of God, cut off for the sake of a person or institution, unless attaches kutsiyet not included in this group.
3. Meyte the expression, religious procedures or spontaneously in the uncut meat of dead animals is also forbidden in the Quran is based on open terms. Baccarat sûresinin 173 verses, "God meyteyi you (being slaughtered by religious methods of dead animal meat), blood, pork, and the name of Allah has forbidden the slaughter of animals", Maide sûresinin 3 verses say, "Meyte, blood, pork, other than Allah invoked the name was, overwhelmed, through a coup (instead of one shot) killed, (above) rolled dead, (other animals by) ornament the dead, to death from train and slaughtered ones, except-predator eaten by animals (no predators) and sewn stones (idols) were forbidden to you on the slaughter ... "buyurularak to the provision of the previous verse is clarified.
The first verses of the three kinds of meat are reported to be unlawful: dead animals, pork and beef slaughter on behalf of Allah. The second of these verses are repeated, as is also the number six. But these five (overwhelmed, through a coup instead of one were shot killed, the high from the rolling dead, another animal by ornamental whether dead predators waste), essentially the first âyetteki first items are covered, so they also meyte are to be considered. The sixth article (by forcing the slaughter on Idol) is covered by the last article of the first verse, the name of Allah that cut. That verse is number of the animals is forbidden in all aspects of Islamic scholars are in consensus.
c) other than the aforementioned groups of animals are eaten are controversial among the religious provisions of the scribe. Scribe some of the animals as close to the alliance by the majority opinion in certain animals are considered haram, or unlawful distribution is seen as balanced.
1. Predatory animal group with the lower and upper jaw, four long and sharp teeth to grab and caught himself and this way of defense domestic whether-wolf, lion, tiger, leopard, monkeys, hyenas, dogs, cats and more animals with claws to grab the hunting falcon, born, eagles, vultures, such as birds of prey, this feature even if not generally mess with the feeding ravens, crows and birds like, naturally as disgusting the rats, snakes, such as animals, scorpions, flies, spiders, such as insects scribe the majority of by the sacred is seen.
According to owner information some of the lions, tigers eat Halal meat of wild animals, such as, but not haram according to some is mekruh. According to popular opinion in the Maliki sect hawks, eagles and birds of prey such as birds fed on dirt ingestion is also mekruh. Scholars of pork forbidden in the Qur'an that only by being dedicated, âyetteki general permit can not be limited to the point of the hadith was moving.
2. Determining the frame holding the tightest of edible animals Hanefîler those, who hold the largest Mâlikîler within this framework could be said that there are many differences of opinion. Feature of some animal aggressiveness, keep hunting and eating the natural way not considered since been deemed obnoxious to the different evaluations with regard to the provisions of the controversy was about. Fox example, Joseph and Muhammad Abu Hanefîler'den, Şâfiîler'e, a legend-in-Hanbelîler'e and some have been deemed lawful by Mâlikîler'e. In the framework of this evaluation is still to bear according to Hanafi and Şâfiîler'e forbidden, according to Maliki and Hanbelîler'e lawful, giraffes Şâfiîler'de fiduciary argument against unlawful, lawful in the other three denominations were adopted. Similarly peacocks and parrots in the Shafi sect unlawful, lawful in the other three denominations, hedgehogs and Hanbelîler'de forbidden Hanafi, Shafi and Mâlikîler'de been considered lawful.
Within this framework there are many details and differences of opinion. Hanefîler'e than-above-numbered out-beat permissible not seen major animals include: Jackal, squirrels, otters, martens, hyenas, lizards, weasels, kites, ravens, owls, hawks, turtles, mole, lizards, snails and all kinds of insects .
Hadith or hadith about the defeat of the interest rate is permissible because of the different opinions of whether animals are also mentioned. Some of these changes are as follows:
3. Rabbit meat, according to the four Sunni sect, although lawful, and of course some knowledge of the Companions of Imam Ibn Abu Layla, according to the müctehid is tahrîmen mekruh.
4. Horse meat, according to the opinions generally accepted in four denominations lawful, according to Abu Hanîfe'ye is the tahrîmen mekruh. In works of literature Hanafi zâhirü'r-riva "mekruh" Hasan b. Ziyad narrated in the "forbidden" to pass the characterization, they actually wanted to be mentioned is the issue it is not lawful to eat. If İmâmeyn (Abu Yusuf and Muhammad) were not counted mekruh to eat horse meat. In accordance with the opinion of some Hanafi scholars but to the Hanafi sect tenzîhen mekruh opinion is widespread. Owner of the horse meat in order to eat and tenzîhen mekruh counting, there are those who see the sacred.
5. Domesticated donkey meat is usually adopted by the provisions in four denominations, the meat of domesticated donkeys are forbidden to the direction. A part owner of the information it had considered tenzîhen mekruh some sahâbîlerden and Hanafi scholars al-Merisî'den Bişr lawful inhabitants of the opinion it was transferred to the meat of donkeys.
6. Mules, and similar to when it comes to two different kinds of animals with the combination caused the animal in the three cases in question are: a) Both types of meat lawful ones, the of them occurring animal's flesh, the Halal. b) Both types of meat is forbidden ones, those that occur in the animal's flesh is forbidden. c) those other forbidden ones lawful in one flesh, according to Hanafi and Mâlikîler'e are based on the type of the main provisions, net and non-party basis is lawful according Hanbelîler'e. Accordingly, the mule and donkey mother in four denominations that view is common in the haram. The mother horse, according to Abu mekruh Hanîfe'ye is not mekruh According to Abu Yusuf and Muhammad. In addition, horse or donkey is the mother without regard to discriminatory treatment based on other evidence that a defense mekruh mule meat, there are opinions.
d) Water Animals
Qur'an sea fishing and water obtained from food is lawful as was reported (hand-Maid 5 / 96, al-Fâtır 35/12), Hazrat Prophet sea about a question "that the water is clean, meytesi (in deceased) Halal "were answered in the form of (Abu Da'ud," lustration ", 41; Tirmidhi," lustration ", 52). Both of these explanations have not found an article about the special issues based on the principle mubahlığın aquatic animals is the basis of the relevant provisions.
1. Lawful according to all sects of fish species, there is no need to strangle the process. But now, according Hanefîler'e spontaneously dead and inedible fish out of water. Hanefîler'in caution in this view of health is due to be preferred. But the water is too hot or cold, being stuck between the ice, water and water from being trapped in a dead fish because of the withdrawal itself is not dead, can be eaten. Nevertheless, fishing to water-fish grass, thrown fish captured without dying, and if they so die knowing Although the bond or sword fish as big as the fish catch is dying from per-rigid body shot, can be eaten.
2. Except fish species (mussels, frogs, crabs, etc.) are not lawful according Hanefîler'e water their animals eat. According to the three other denominations, just all kinds of aquatic animal may be eaten even if death itself, lawful. Shafi sect, the Hanefîler'in in parallel with a view of the edible aquatic animals to land animals like lawful ones, do not eat meat of animals like the black ones are forbidden in an interview counting.
Maide Hanefîler sûresinin 3 verses mentioned "meyte" the letter they interpret absolute, as well as non-fish species, "habâis" (disgusting stuff) were accepted under. Most of the scribe sûresinin Maide 96 âyetindeki "sea hunt" expression of the public (the extensive form) basis, and also took Hz. Prophet's "Sea water is clean, lawful dead" (Abu Da'ud, "lustration", 41; Tirmidhi, "lustration", 52) were based on the meaning of the hadith.
e) the animals live both on land and in water
Both on land and aquatic frogs, turtles, crabs, snakes, crocodiles are three views about animals, such as: Hanefîler'e and is not lawful to eat them by Şâfiîler'e. Mâlikîler'e Such animals can eat, Halal. According Hanbelîler'e alligator, frog and snake is not lawful to eat, others can be eaten. But these, with flowing blood (turtles, hippos, etc.) is required for animals slaughtered in the process, to non-flowing blood does not need to slaughter. Crabs in the flowing blood but not widespread sectarian opinion, the slaughter of any cut will replace the location of a process (Purification) should be made to the direction. Ahmad b. Purification was not required in Hanbal narrated.
f) Some Issues Related to Animal Meat
Halal meat to be eaten a number of animals slaughtered according to the procedure (Purification), hunting is to be achieved through compliance with the requirements in this regard need to be religious. The future will also be addressed both issues.
Halal meat to be eaten, although contamination of land animals are eaten (cellâle) promptly cut and mekruh was defeated by almost all denominations. Ahmad b. Hanbal narrated mekruh and forbidden, so there are two, not mekruh Mâlikîler'de widespread opinion in the direction. This type of food to feed animals, clean for a while, go to the right to be the bad odor. Books of jurisprudence, in this case, the chickens for three days, four days for sheep, cattle and camels for the ten day period was specified as the first principle is to allow animals to let go of the bad odor is a long wait.
Of fish found in waters that are not clean, the meat is not an obstacle to overcome. Not been swallowed pieces of fish, a fish-or-if you can beat.
Kinds of meat to be eaten, even if lawful, without the slaughter of live animals-yet-off piece, meyte (unclean) are to be considered, according to information forbidden to be eaten whole. Permissible to be eaten by animals or duly cut and pieces of some organs are not observed.
Eggs, meat and milk of animals usually are tied to the provision, but there are some details. Accordingly, the meat to be eaten it permissible for an animal or live when the spirit duly slaughtered after (or fish slaughtered like the need for non-animals dead on) the eggs to be eaten-impaired unless-permitted this effect, the Islamic scholars consensus inside. But it is permissible to eat meat slaughtered according to religious procedures without leaving a dead animal eggs can be eaten hard otherwise inedible. The egg is not permissible to eat meat when it comes to animals, according Hanbelîler'e Hanefîler'e and it is not permissible to be eaten. According Şâfiîler'e-pigs, dogs and animals, except for those born alive in the whole animal is clean, while, do not eat meat and live animals, while their eggs are clean and can be eaten. Scribe also the owner of the animal eggs to the separation of non-edible and not edible, is not harmful if they can beat the eggs is of the opinion.
Milk, according to the four sects are subject to the provisions. Human flesh, virtue dignity is forbidden. But milk is not haram. Abu Hanîfe'den horse meat is forbidden, or mekruh confirming that the transplanted vision based on some scholars milk from unlawful or mekruh described as If they, the denomination in the saheeh considered opinion based on horse milk mubahtır, because the meat waste was not for the jihad means that are prohibited.
When eaten meat in the belly of an animal slaughtered the babies died immediately after birth on babies, animals, skins, horns, makes special provision about the terms of use of such parts available and will touch on this subject in the future.
g) Pig Fıkhî-Related Provisions
The Koran should be eaten pork (al-Baqarah 2 / 173, en-Nahl 16/115) and the Prophet. In the hadith of the Prophet with clear and definite statement was rendered forbidden to Muslims, and the application of the Ummah in this direction has been ICMA. Popular food and drink forbidden in Islam already are very limited and they are located at the top of the pork. Even forbidden in the Quran as the only animal species are pigs.
All divine religions originating mainly from ingestion of pork, say Ya-hudilik and Christianity is also forbidden. The pig is unclean in the Torah-lirtilip ingestion of meat and were forbidden to touch the dead (Deuteronomy, 14 / 8). Although pigs are places in the Bible (see Matthew, 7 / 6, Mark, 5/11-14) forbade them to eat meat is a clear expression. However, this is Christianity in this way rooted habits which communities adopt able to order Paul's pork banning the phrases from the Bible out and said, "People of the mouth enters not of mouth pollute" (Matt., 15/11, 18), the provisions are based and "In the bazaar bought and sold things can be eaten "(Korintoslular'a First Letter, 10/25), with expressions such as initiated in this direction in the form of an application are described.
Koran shed was the blood of pigs, meyte and Allah on behalf cut animals' flesh and forbidden when a couple of times is repeated (al-Baqarah 2 / 173, hand-Maid 5 / 3, al-most `am 6 / 145; en-Nahl 16/115). Again, everything is clear in the Qur'an for human greed, nasty things that were forbidden to be reported (Al-A `shelf 7 / 157, 20/81 Taha, al-Mü'minûn 23/51). Hz. Prophet said that the ban permanent confirmation has, "Allah and the Messenger of wine, dead animals, meat, pork and idols of trading forbidden" command has the hadith in the rest of the meytenin oil ships cilâlanmasında, skins for lubrication and illumination of the use or unlawful is stated (Bukhari, " `growth ', 112; Abu Da'ud," `Growth', 66; Tirmidhi," Growth `", 61). In terms of eating the flesh of swine is not a difference between the oil when both are forbidden by Islamic jurists are in consensus.
Of the pieces of pork, for example in the use of oil when it comes to non-food purposes, the majority of Islamic jurists to interpret the relevant verses and hadiths, they have concluded that the necis and forbidden.
Islamic scholars to explain the purpose of being forbidden to pork, pork meat adversely affect human health and the nature of the stops on feature strongly, that many mental issues, experience and knowledge are explained. However, these narrations of pork forbidden real reason (of illness) is not forbidden in terms of whether or not the mentioned drawbacks do not vary. XX. century of technological possibilities to eliminate these drawbacks, pork and oil composition and the other way or under preparation to be used as additives or religion does not ban this gap. Because of religious orders and prohibitions must be reasonable for a reason and explanation, even if it could be the entire understanding and real reason for today's unconscionable to put forward a claim could be found. As science advances and more experience in the wisdom of religion and prohibition orders and the goal is better understood. On the other hand, orders and prohibitions of Islam for Muslims, truth is truth and is believed to be good Muslims they would be able to be tightly linked.
Islamic societies, pork and edible oil in the forbidden Work both application of legal doctrine, there is consensus. However, except for meat to be eaten by pigs fıkhî about the many issues discussed. Between them, the pig's mouth, take the cup and the provision of water, the hair, skin, bone, the use, purchase and sale of pigs, does not perish when the need to be considered compensation.
If you need to express the main lines, pigs in Islamic law, Muslim law in terms of valuable goods (mütekavvim goods) are not counted. Such as pigs on the property rights of a Muslim can not be compensated in the event of deliberate waste and theft should be punished if not from the play. Pig in relation to non-Muslims, whether in terms of goods is controversial. According to Hanafi Mâlikîler'e goods and is no longer a pig belonging müslime been unjustly sheer waste should be compensated.
The vast majority of Islamic jurists also necis While pork is alive, therefore, of saliva, sweat, etc. The. as well as opinions of what is transmitted necis. Therefore take the mouth of the container, one must be washed seven times to the ground are saying. Maliki jurists live as long as the dog does not like the pig is of the opinion that necis. Practical result of this controversy, or saliva of the infected pigs in and out of the cleanliness of the water and cleaning show in itself. The majority of Islamic jurists will not be used even if the dish of pig's skin, while the notion necis, Zâhirîler, Joseph Abu, Ibn Hazm, such as lawyers can use plates is of the opinion of the pig skin. Some lawyers, such as a liquid in the bag instead of the leather cover, the exhibition, said the tent will be used without contact with such water. Boar hair brush, wash the needle and be used as permissible by the majority of Islamic jurists also be seen that in that period were caused by the need. Pigs and other substances into the melt and rot if the majority of Islamic jurists according to the provisions of this article are based on the newly created. In some of the protective composition of the discovery of oil in the pigs etc., through istihâle and change into clean about the extent and approach control can be connected to the provisions of the act.
B) Segment of the animals
Koran's overall narration from the earth, blessing the people of the benefit-ent created for the man's lawful and clear provision of as they wish to benefit created to whomever is grateful to be where the earth blessing in benefiting from tolerated and free of the inherent rules that, but if necessary some restrictions were brought in is understood. Islam needed edible and eaten without the animals, as imposed measures, both in the flesh can be eaten animals, cutting conditions and procedures concerning brought provisions, this kind of paper-lost and restrictions, among are the health, nutrition and religious Is-kellefiyet vital and insistent is focused on an issue.
Whether the shedding of blood of animals slaughtered to be eaten alive by a unique feature among the people is seen as just. All heavenly religions that have common views about the necessity of procedures and precision in Judaism today focuses on the issue. Christianity also points to be adopted when Paul, religions, cultures and traditions and communities to spread the eating and drinking on religious records has not been substantially removed, so the Christianity of the animals part of religious provision ceased to be had. Islam, eating and drinking, about the prohibition and registration of a minimum downloaded but edible land animals, but actively or by default be slaughtered if lawful would otherwise meyte (unclean, dead animals) provision is in the meat eaten not policy continued.
Part of the fiqh books about animals, "zebâih" (singular zebîha) under the title will be reviewed and handled in a separate section. Purification of slaughtered animals and classic literature zebh / charity with the word, came relatively different parts of the Nahr procedure is expressed in words. Fish only live in water that animals be slaughtered and their blood flow is not necessary for the animals sector, and the slaughter is mentioned, as a rule, land animals, with both water and land can live animals refers. About the lawful and unlawful the best interest where religion and dining with an important provision because the animals sector, cutting party, cut the animal, cut the shape of such sub-topics more fıkhî provisions were included.
a) Slaughtered Animals
Cutting process for edible animals in general is concerned, the meat is not edible parts of animals may be the result of some fıkhî. According Hanefîler'e Halal meat to be eaten fresh but not alive when the number of animals slaughtered in the provision continues to be counted if they are clean, hair and skin can benefit from. If the skin is clean, but has not been slaughtered plate.
The slaughter of edible animals, but in the event of actual or nominated to be lawful for the beat. The fish species of grasshoppers from water animals to land animals need not be slaughtered. In a hadith the Prophet. Prophet "of the sea water is clean, the dead is lawful" (Abu Da'ud, "lustration", 41) command has another hadith the slaughter not known deaths (meyte) from animals of both fish and locusts of the Islamic ummah made lawful is has been reported (Musnad, II, 97).
Hanefîler aquatic animals, the only fish species considered lawful, while the other sects, the only other animals that live in water, as a rule need not express Halal slaughter counts. Both on land and aquatic animals as well as what types of lawful or slaughter should scribe is controversial among those who think of them fluently, but would be lawful to slaughter outweighs opinion. Hunting of game animals in accordance with the procedures and the killing is seen often in terms of slaughter, have not yet been captured are also those who are required to be slaughtered.
Of life and death are part of the animal during the cutting operation, this must be the result. Of animals that died spontaneously (meyte) would be forbidden while cutting into the flesh of the living animal must be carefully focused on the different measures adopted in this regard is that if. Most of the scribe for example while cutting the flow of blood of the animal to move and say that you should. According to Abu Hanîfe'ye animals known to live, Ahmad b. According to Hanbal blood flow is sufficient. The animal's death occurred as a result of this cutting process, provided that the above-mentioned conditions complete viability.
b) Nature of the beast Sac
Animals have the power to cut anyone's mind and appeals, to be Muslims or people of the Scripture, not in a game interrupted if the Ihram, the animal must cut the name of Allah. The interrupter, such as whether women or men noticed that the fish does not need to be. To understand the extent to cut off the name of Allah have the power to appeal is usually sufficient. Among these issues, the provisions of the Book of the provisions of the Jews and Christians in animals has cut a special importance.
Provisions of the Animal People of the Book of the cut. In principle, such as Jews and Christians believe in Allah and the prophet is subject to the right path away from religion when those rights over time and the last prophet Hazrat rights. People do not believe Muhammad was named People of the Book, they are different from the pagans, idolaters, and keeping their daughter to marry, it was made lawful for Muslims to eat their food. In the Koran, "a clean and useful things made lawful for you today. The book provided in your food, you eat them your lawful" (al-Maid 5 / 5) buyurulur. Verses have a general statement and pork, wine, a special prohibition on such meyte except the food, they eat and drink all of the Book covers. However, sources involved in the relevant part of the debate is still to date. The first is, who the Book is a matter to be considered. In the Koran and the Book was meant in the phrase is open to Jews and Christians in the first place. Although there are many deviations in the basic belief in God for bears Mecûsîler'i, Sâbiîler'i, Buddhist and Brahman then counting the People of the Book under Islamic scholars are.
The slaughter of the Book will also discuss the influence of shape is the result. According to most scholars of Islam, the Ahl-i-Islam, the religion of the book, but they cut his throat envisaged that the procedures to be followed by a sharp instrument to cut the throat of the animal can be eaten with the condition. Scribe Ibn al-Arabi said Maliki is among a group of Muslim scholars, according to the Book of the cut they can defeat the Muslims to adhere to procedural requirements of the sector is not enough to be valid according to their religion. According to Islam, to be eaten by an animal is lawful for a Christian or a Jew or a cut in accordance with their religion to kill the Muslims in these animals may eat the meat. Religion is not defeated by the Muslims can not even eat. On the other hand, the Book of God's name during the time of cutting (tesmiye) conditions but not to cut the animal in the name of Allah, one that will not eat the meat of animals is accepted.
c) Tesmiye
The essence of Islam, the Prophet. Adam continues to this by the Tawhid faith that constitutes, as it must, of course with any kind of a relentless struggle against the circus are given. It's everyday life, a consequence of the animals cut during Allah's name now be, or animals other than Allah behalf as a victim of cessation, and thus cut the animal's flesh eaten the forbidden is (al-Baqarah 2 / 173, hand-Maid 5 / 3 ). Koran and forbidden when the reported four kinds of foods is one of the (meyte, shedding is the blood and pork after) Allah on behalf cut animals (al-Baqarah 2 / 173, hand-Maid 5 / 3, al-most `Am 6 / 145; en-Nahl 16/115). These words in the first place put on behalf of the cut and put into sacrificial animals, I mean is, other than Allah, the presence and power to the sanctity attached to and submitted opposed to the one and only creator of the God and that alone he prayed to be mind control to be done is required. Discontinuation of the ban on behalf of animals in Allah, and the circus is in maintaining the faith of Islam Tawhid diligence in preventing the need to understand in the framework.
Muslims mention the name of Allah while cutting the animal, whether conditions or the extent to which the condition is controversial among Muslim jurists. Relevant as the Koran, "Allah's revelations if you believe it, his name now cut from those eat" (al-most `am 6 / 118) and on" God's name now being cut from the animals do not eat "(al- most `am 6 / 121) buyurulur. However, this verse refers to matters on behalf of Allah and Islam forbids eating animals cut the animal or animals the principle of cutting off the name of Allah is the name of God is so pronounced that the formulas are controversial. Zâhirîler seen in any case the conditions formulas formulas when they forget to cut the animal, or intentionally cut Abandons opinions that are not eaten. At Hanefîler and Mâlikîler to scribe the majority of the above verses the letter also considered the animal's part during the note, unless formulas to the conditions considered and the formulas of the deliberately abandoned his in the animal's flesh eaten not express. Deemed to be nominated from the formulas say forget Hz. Prophet's "error of my Ummah, and forced to forget the responsibility they have been removed" (Bukhari, "hudud", 22; Abu Da'ud, "hudud", 17) were caused by the Hadith.
At Imam Shafi as a group, the Muslim lawyer, the Muslims of the animals is always the name of Allah cut would, animal while cutting formulas of the obligatory terms and conditions not to be circumcised the relevant verses idols to be cut from animals or spontaneously died (meyte) animals mentioned, so the animal while cutting formulas to intentionally leaving Muslim opinion has had to cut off that beat. As evidence of the Prophet. Prophet of Islam always the name of Allah the cut, the name of Allah an, although an even if cut that greed is (Zeylaî, Nasbü'r-Raye, IV, 183), while cutting formulas of the said and said that does not is not known if formulas pulling the animal's meat eaten may (Bukhari, " Tawheed ", 13" Zebâih ", 21; Abu Da'ud," Edâhî ", 13, 19) are based on the direction of the hadith. However, when cutting formulas Şâfiîler'de abandon the animal is mekruh.
Tesmiye (to be referred to the name of Allah) or the formulas in terms of purpose, part of the animal during an interrupter is the name of Allah. "Bismillah Allahu akbar" what was mustahabb. "Bismillah" or call one of the other names of God that is not the purpose of prayer was sufficient time.
d) Used in Cutting Tools
The first principle of animal parts, without being cruel to animals, is to shed blood without suffering. While this is possible only by using a sharp instrument. According to Muslim scholars for this segment should be used in place of the tool will cut off the blood flow is sufficient extent cutter, cutting tool, iron, wood, stone, etc.. will be important. Cut with a device to grind mekruh makers were blind.
Today around the world, used electric shocks, pistol, carbon dioxide gas-making, per-hammer or mallet percussion, the spinal cord to swell insertion techniques, such as with the killed-yet alive when slaughtered without-animals, who kill Muslims in Maide sûresinin 3 The group reported to be eaten forbidden verses enters. Because the animal is alive during the cutting process, cutting process that results in death must occur. However, such a practice will not lead to the deaths of animals, just loves her to calm her, or will be obtained and then the point is left in a living animal is lost when the meat is eaten properly. However, whether the process destroyed the animal's nervous system and its ability to act well in reducing vascular blood flow must also be careful not to block. Kill a part of the canon law from the Book of their religion by humiliating defeat of the Muslims also eat animals.
e) Cutting Procedure
Part of the animals, optional (real) and ıztırarî (legal entity) is divided into two. Edible domesticated animals be slaughtered under normal conditions, the animal's mouth under the food and windpipe and blood carrying two large vessels off of the (zebh) or a camel in the slaughter gök together where a knife to (Nahr) by will, and call it "optional slaughter of" phrase is. Abu Hanifa at least three of them being cut off when sufficient food and Joseph Abu windpipe with one of the two vessels to be cut, each of the Imam Muhammad had to be cut is of the opinion of many. Gross and Hanbelîler blood vessels rather than to cessation of eating and breathing tubes, while the expression of some scribe four are said to be cut. Slaughtered in this and similar debates about the eventual shape of an animal from suffering and to die without prolonged suffering and a large amount of blood from the body to ensure that targets are thrown. Wild or domesticated animals, although it is not possible to be captured or slaughtered animals were hospitalized and the shedding of his blood to be injured in any way a replacement for slaughter. Hz. Prophet, including where the escape and be captured a camel with the arrow was shot, the Messenger of Allah that you disapprove of, as in such cases behave the same way ordered to have (Bukhari, "Zebâih", 15-18; Muslim, "Edâhî", 4). Whereas the application of this procedure due to the "slaughter of ıztırarî" are expressions.
The animal sector during left side placed on whether the direction of the Qibla to be converted to the used cutting tool sharp that the animal where hospitalized and discontinued while her tormented not, the animal will see the knife, even not on the floor wait subjects such as recommended was Muslim and every business as in the animal, while cutting the most appropriate and emphasizes the principle of acting in good shape.
f) The resulting cut in the abdomen of the animal breeder
The animal's stomach is cut from a live offspring that had completed the formation of the baby in the womb, if the cut positions may be eaten. Rudimentary organs of the puppy will not eat. In the event of a dead puppy, the baby died before the cutting is forbidden alliance are known to be eaten. With the death of his mother's cub is part of the scribe is satisfied that the majority view that it is permissible for the puppy's defeat. Hz in this regard. Narrated from the prophet of the "Mother of the cessation or interruption of the unborn baby is" the hadiths (Abu Da'ud, "Edâhî", 18; Tirmidhi, "You` ime ", 2) receive evidence. According to Abu Hanifa and his student Züfer'e, in this case, offspring, whether live or cut can not be removed by the provisions of the meyte.
g) Evaluation
Animal sector in the Islamic literature in the rules and recommendations, müctehid and scribe among the discussions mainly of people for the benefit created the animals healthy, beautiful and compassionate manner and order in the discontinuation, Tawhid akîdesine against deviations that will be cleaned in this regard the Islamic Ummah in particular aims to create a tradition. Human relationships are complicated to each other at all does not recognize among people took place, the commercial and social life increasingly widespread, animal parts and meat products separate industry and trade sector constitutes the present-day society in the animal sector in the aforesaid rules and recommended compliance determine or become quite difficult to control. Especially in parts of chickens in slaughterhouses and fur animals in the path of cutting production because of concerns were passed to the mechanical parts and is also known that some religious rules and recommendations abandoned. This kind of negativity, a Muslim religious sector to provide essential facilities and to invest in the direction of cooperation in this direction or at least creating a public sevketmelidir. However, the people of the overwhelming majority of Muslims in countries where, unlike a solid information, unless part of the Islamic rules in accordance with the opinion that the transported would be appropriate, the formulas of the deliberately abandoned even if interrupter Muslims as long as the cut that defeat could shape Shafi sect, with a view deeds can be can be said. According to the rules of Islamic societies in the western part of Muslims to cooperate in the direction seems inevitable. Indeed, in Judaism animal sector in almost Islamic principles are similar to a procedure foreseen that in Western societies are Jews on this issue in a separate sector and the power generated, almost in every country to their religion proper cutting and manufacturing business units to have. However, some of the Book müctehidler, in accordance with their religion is at the cutting comments that could beat their views on this issue in Western societies may be considered as a temporary solution.
C) Game and hunting
Fishing narrow and technical sense, nature as wild, people fleeing the normal way that is not available edible animals to capture expression, but in a broad sense to ingestion of lawful non-animal flesh, except juz benefit purposes are captured covers.
From the information given under the previous headings, in the religion of Islam, which is not lawful to eat the meat of animals that periodically stops the types of meat and edible part of the land animals are known to contain specific provisions about the number. The type of a lawful land animals can eat the meat of the basic rules on issues, it is slaughtered according to religious procedures. The same rule of hunting to be applied, ie prey obtained through animal flesh, such a slaughter operation without making him beat should not be allowed, while this issue needs based on a utility has made the hunt the animals in certain situations, this rule exceptions have been. As can be seen below with details of game animals were seized has not yet ended vitality of the process of slaughter must be done again. Otherwise it is not lawful to eat animal flesh.
a) The Hunting of the Religious Terms
Islam, individual and social life and forced to view only the necessary interventions made, and any adverse consequences unless insaların going to do what it has no restriction. For that we act in everyday life by creating actual lawful and tolerated, and the limitations of the sacred is seen as exceptional cases. So is hunting. People all along the food supply, such as skin and hair of some animal or juz take advantage of the remedy is for the fishing. Religion in this area was based on greed and free-create the necessary regulations and restrictions that society has left the customs and needs. Qur'an in earth if all human beings was created (al-Baqarah 2 / 29), in heaven and on earth, the existence and possibilities of God a gift from the man's order is granted (hand-casi 45/13) to be expressed, as well as hunting of reported to be in principle be lawful (al-Maid 5/94-96) that makes sense.
Quran and Sunnah has emphasized the human head was not left empty, purposeless and meaningless behavior was ground. Moreover Hz. Lose their sense of compassion for those in the hadith of the Prophet expressions are used heavily. Islam is based on mercy and compassion. Compassion and mercy on earth against all mahlûkata nutrition, and beauty of God's creation of the nature protection orders. Therefore, it is not intended to provide any benefit and just to torture animals for fun and the fishing in this way is inconsistent with Islamic principles. Indeed, the Prophet a Hadith-i sheriff of a warning was found: "Who's a little bird in vain to kill that bird Doom Allah complaint to say: O my Lord! Certain person any benefit without respect me in vain to kill! (Neylü'l-evtâr, VIII, 155-156). In another hadith, the Messenger-i Ekrem aims to be a living entity has forbidden (Bukhari, "Zebâih", 25; Muslim, "Sayd", 58).
For edible flesh of animals, meat of animals not eat the skin, hair and teeth, to benefit from such juz hunting rules to get rid of or damage was seen as permissible. According to this provision is normally given, by the authorities concerned and the protection of the environment and animals for generations to take the necessary measures and will not be an impediment to certain restrictions. Because it's an act permissible and tolerated in normal circumstances to explain the provisions and permissible for the Muslim jurists and public officials recognize the right of mubahta savings. Besides, sports and other permissible purposes are seen to go shooting, but some scientists are moving beyond the original purpose and compassion to hurt the feelings that I have seen mekruh. Regardless of any benefit, and the hunt is not permissible to torture animals. Again, in a way that harm others in the hunt in the prohibited acts in accordance with general principles of Islam are considered. This type of fishing for the fiqh works of more people, the property, particularly land and crops damage status example has been the nature and animal-generation protection, timeless hunting animal reproduction and development will lead to negative prevention order imposed restrictions, compliance should not be this context we must consider. Indeed, at first glance looks like an arrangement unique to the worship of Hajj, in Islam, Mecca vicinity of the plants and animals to establish environmental awareness about the protective provisions, including for the wisdom that should be kept out of sight. Brought to the harem area restrictions, merely examples of the region a "national parks" can be said is intended to make.
b) Conditions
Qur'an, especially the Prophet. Sunnah of the Prophet of Islam in the specific nature of the hunt can take advantage of transport should have included some provisions. Fisheries subject to ingestion of lawful or unlawful number of animals and meat to be eaten as lawful ones slaughter of procedural provisions, with a tight relationship exists, the Islamic scholars that the provisions of the mind took them in the light of Muslim who can benefit, and especially eating the flesh can catch on to search stipulate tried. Scribe some of these requirements had been consensus, some of them have reached different conclusions because of differences in the evidence. Therefore to be hunted and hunt these animals will benefit from the provisions of the parties must know the culture jurisprudence.
Be obtained by killing the animals eat a certain conditions have to be Halal. It is possible to collect them in three groups:
1. Terms Related to Type of hunters and hunting
To be able to eat the meat of an animal hunted by hunters and hunting-related conditions, the shape can be examined with five items:
a) the person who made hunting the animals that periodically stops to cut must be competent. Therefore, a Muslim people have the power to appeal all Muslim scholars by his lawful prey. Mentally ill and incapable of real people with distinctive appeal of small prey such as the animal's meat is not Halal according to Maliki and the Hanbal sect. Hanafi sect is based in the discretion however, formulas and know how to act toward a non-distinctive small fishing the mentally ill, the animal may be eaten and drunk the hunt. According Şâfiîler'e Hunt's appeal to have the power not required.
People of the Book of their prey are eaten. In contrast to the pagans, and mürtedlerin (resulting from the religion of Islam) is not permissible to be eaten by animals that hunt. Hunting license to hunt with people who do not beat people with no meat on the prey they hunt joint.
b) was intended to hunt the hunter or the hunted animals on the hunter must be dedicated to the swing. These conditions has not been realized, such as permissible to hunt an animal experiment or random firing the shot has been hit by the bird dog Or go on the hunt itself kill him, it is not lawful to hunt. But the hunters of prey animals on its own expense, immediately hunters to hunt and her childhood name of Allah, if provoked, according to Hanafi sect and the Hanbal lawful. By hunter pets have discretion in this case is deemed dedicated to swing. Şâfiîler'de-Maliki and authentic than the opinions of a hunting-it is not lawful to be eaten. Maliki, Shafi sect Hanbal in his works and, hunter's prey had seen these conditions, the location was determined to be elaborated in the form.
c) hunting or hunters using disarm the name of Allah when an animal must be released and not even know it must terketmemesi. Islamic scholars during the shooting of a religious mission in the name of Allah is an acceptable, although opinions differ on the degree of binding of this task have been proposed. Müctehidler hadith scholars and some formulas to attract predators of the conditions seen in any case, whether intentionally or not taken note that the formulas were not considered lawful to hunt to eat. According to the scribe of the vast majority of hunters do not forget the formulas, just as in the cutting operation of the animal, there is no objection. Forget formulas to attract the predators, be deemed to have nominated support formulas.
Hunting during the formulas to intentionally leaving anyone when it comes Hanefîler'e, "By God's name been mentioned cut not eat" (al-most `am 6 / 12) meâlindeki verse coverage requirement, intentionally formulas the Abandons hunt the animal's flesh inedible. Maliki sect, and the widespread opinion that the number is valid. Again, Ahmad b. Hanbal is transferred this way a second opinion. Şâfiîler this verse "Allah cut the name" as relevant in the interpretation and hadith, on the basis of formulas is left intentionally in the case have put forth to defeat the hunted prey. As part of the animals in the hunting brought in view of the Shafi sect that can benefit from the facilities.
d) Once or hunting animals, hunting horses Hunter bead on the raft and then get injured during the hunt should not be any other kind of work. Hunters during the hunting has to do, is to chase and catch prey is hit. Injured since before the end of the growing vitality of hunting when he slaughtered according to religious procedures is essential. Negligent act in this thing dies in the course of the game, of course, this does not eat the flesh of prey.
e) Land at that time of the person who hunts animals for Hajj and Umrah Ihram should not have entered the case. In the Koran, "pilgrimage in the land as long as you hunt was forbidden" (al-Maid 5 / 96) buyurularak Ihram original land hunting is prohibited. However, the one with the hunt in Ihram, hunt in the prey of the scribe of the provisions thereof have been controversy. Abu Hanifa, Shafi and Abu Sevres this hunt, as those Not in Ihram been permissible to eat, hunt, this meyte Imam Malik (dirty) to accept that defeat is not considered lawful. Sea fishing when it comes to, "And you both for passengers benefit to (benefit for you) sea fishing to do and I eat you made lawful" (al-Maid 5 / 96) meaning the verse clearly needed, the Ihram with a case when the sea animals to hunt is permitted.
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2. Animals to be hunted Related Terms
Animals to be hunted with a few items can be grouped under the circumstances:
a) Av obtained for edible offal is clear that an animal should be. Is lawful to eat the flesh of animals which, on the upper main topics dealt with in detail, as scribe very different views and approaches among the subject represents. Do not eat meat of animals skin, hair and bone juz like to take advantage of or damage to the protection of hunting permitted.
b) The Hunting of the animal species of wild animals must be tabiaten. Species of marine animals and fish, land animals, not domesticated from the ingestion of meat is lawful be obtained by those who hunt and eat the procedure is permissible when there is consensus among the scribe.